Adnate Leaf-Base and the Origin of Ribs in Succulent Stems of Euphorbia L.

Stem succulence evolved independently in many plant lineages as an adaptation to arid environments. One of the most interesting cases is the convergence between Cactaceae and Euphorbia, which have anatomical adaptations mostly to increase photosynthetic capability and water storage. Our goal was to describe the shoot development in two succulent species of Euphorbia using light microscopy coupled with high-resolution X-ray-computed tomography. Collateral cortical bundles were observed associated with the stem ribs in both species. The analysis of vasculature demonstrated that these bundles are, in fact, leaf traces that run axially along a portion of the internode. That structural pattern is due to an ontogenetic alteration. During shoot development, the leaf-bases remain adnate to the stem near the SAM, forming an axial component. When the internode elongates, the leaf bundles stretch as cortical bundles. The meristematic activity associated with the bundles forms the stem ribs, as leaf veins near the node, and induce rib formation along the entire internode even in the portion where the leaf traces join the stele. In addition, heterochronic shifts are also involved in the evolution of the shoot system in these Euphorbia, being related to early deciduous reduced leaves and the transference of the main photosynthetic function to the stem. This study demonstrates for the first time the influence of leaf developmental shifts and stem rib formation in Euphorbia and sheds new light on the evolution of stem succulence.

Corrigendum: Laticifers in Sapindaceae: Structure, Evolution and Phylogenetic Importance.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.612985.].

Influence of isostretching on patients with chronic low back pain. A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: This study investigated the influence of isostretching on patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: It was a randomized, controlled trial with concealed allocation, intention-to-treat analysis, and blind assessment. Fifty-four patients with chronic low back pain were randomized to an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group performed isostretching twice a week for 45 days, while the control group remained on the waiting list for physical therapy. Patients were submitted to evaluations at baseline, after 20 and 45 days of treatment with regard to pain, quality of life, functional capacity, and satisfaction. Results: The experimental group exhibited statistically significant improvements in comparison to the control group with regard to pain (p = .003), functional capacity (p = .026), patient satisfaction (p < .001), and quality of life as determined by the functional capacity (p = .012), physical aspects (p = .011) and pain (p = .006) subscales of the SF-36. The experimental group used a significantly lesser amount of pain medication than the control group (p = .03). Conclusion: Isostretching was effective in reducing pain and in improving function, patient satisfaction and some aspects of quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain.

Laticifers in Sapindaceae: Structure, Evolution and Phylogenetic Importance.

Laticifer occurrence and structure are poorly known in Sapindaceae. Occurrence is likely underestimated owing to the low production of latex in most species. We investigated 67 species from 23 genera of Sapindaceae to verify laticifer occurrence and their structural, developmental and chemical features, as well as their evolutionary history in the family. Shoots were collected from herbarium and fresh specimens for histological analyses. Three characters derived from laticifer features were coded and their ancestral states reconstructed through Bayesian stochastic mapping and maximum likelihood estimation. Only articulated non-anastomosing laticifers were found in Sapindaceae. Laticifers differentiate early during shoot development and are found in the cortex, phloem, and pith. Latex is mostly composed of lipids. Callose and suberin were detected in laticifer cell walls in some genera. Reconstruction of laticifer ancestral states showed that laticifers are present in most clades of Sapindaceae with some reversals. Callose in the laticifer cell wall was found exclusively in Serjania and Paullinia (tribe Paullinieae), a character regarded as independently derived. Occurrence of laticifers in Sapindaceae is broader than previously reported. Articulated non-anastomosing laticifers had five independent origins in Sapindaceae with some secondary losses, occurring in five out of six genera of Paullinieae and 10 other genera outside Paullinieae. Particularly, callose in the laticifer cell wall evolved independently twice in the family, and its occurrence may be interpreted as a key-innovation that promoted the diversification of Paullinia and Serjania. Our study suggests that laticifer characters may be useful in understanding the generic relationships within the family.

Relação da oclusão dentária na presença de curvaturas não fisiológicas da coluna vertebral / Relationship between dental occlusion and non-physiological curvature of the vertebral column

O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a relação entre a oclusão dentária e as curvaturas não fisiológicas da coluna vertebral. A amostra foi composta por 88 indivíduos com diagnóstico médico e radiográfico confirmado de desvio postural, atendidos em Ambulatório Médico-Odontológico noEstado de João Pessoa-PB. Para a coleta de dados realizou-se um exame clínico da oclusão dentária em relação vertical de normalidade, mordida em topo, aberta e profunda. Posteriormente a relação transversal de oclusão foi qualificada em normalidade, desvio de linha média, apinhamento inferior e/ou superior e mordida cruzada posterior uni ou bilateral. A relação ântero-posterior foi determinada conforme classificação de Angle em: normalidade, classe I, II e III. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao tratamento estatístico pelo teste Exato de Fisher com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados demonstraram uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre as curvaturas não fisiológicas da coluna vertebral e as relações vertical e ântero-posterior de oclusão, assim como diversos tipos de mal oclusão dentária entre indivíduos com curvaturas não fisiológicas da coluna vertebral. Não foi observada relação estatisticamente significante entre gênero e idade nos indivíduos examinados. Conclui-se que há um desequilíbrio no sistema manducatório pode estar intimamente relacionado a presença de alterações posturais na coluna vertebral.

This study aims to verify the relation between dental occlusion and no physiological curvature of the spinal column. The sample consisted of 88 individuals with a clinical diagnosis and confirmed radiographic postural deviation, treated at Medical-Dental Clinic in the state of Joao Pessoa-Pb. For data collection it was carried out a clinical examination of the dental occlusion in vertical relationship of normality, bite the top, open and deep. Later the transversal occlusion was qualified inrelation normality, midline deviation, crowding and posterior crossbite. The vertical anterior-posterior occlusion relation was determined according to Angle classification: normal, class I, II and III. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis by Fisher exact test with a significance level of 5%. It was found that there was a difference statistically significant between the non-physiological curvatures of the spine and the vertical and ânterior-posterior occlusion relation as well as various types of dental malocclusion among individuals with no physiological curvature of the spine. No statistically significant relationship between gender and age it was observed. Data suggest there isan imbalance in the system can be closely related to the presence of postural changes in the spine.

Avaliação dos indicadores de qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional e alterações osteomusculares em camareiras de hotéis da orla marítima de Maceió, Alagoas / Evaluation of the indicators of quality of life, functional capacity and musculoskeletal changes in hotel maids of the sea coast of Maceió, Alagoas

Introdução: Os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho são responsáveis por uma parcela significativa das causas de queda de rendimento do trabalhador. Objetivo: O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar os indicadores de qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional e alterações osteomusculares em camareiras de hotéis da orla marítima do município de Maceió, Alagoas. Métodos: Este estudo descritivo do tipo transversal e quantitativo foi realizado com 36 camareiras, por meio da aplicação de três questionários validados no Brasil. Resultados: Verificou-se que a maioria delas apresentou uma qualidade de vida relativamente boa. Referente às alterações osteomusculares, constataram-se predomínio de lesões em punho, mãos, dedos e na região lombar, além disso, observou-se que quanto maior a idade e o tempo de exercício na profissão menor a capacidade funcional. Conclusão: Sugere-se a implementação de medidas preventivas de doenças relacionadas ao trabalho e promotoras de melhor condição de saúde para as camareiras.

Introduction: The work-related musculoskeletal disorders are responsible for a significant portion of the causes of falling income of the worker. Objective: The aim in this study was to evaluate the indicators of quality of life, functional capacity and musculoskeletal changes in hotel maids of the seacost in the city of Maceió, State Alagoas. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive and quantitative study was conducted with 36 hotel maids of the seacost of Maceió, reaching the objective through the application of three validated questionnaires in Brazil. Results: It was found that most of the hotel maids had a relatively good quality of life, with a predominance of lesions in the wrist, hands, fingers and lower back, moreover, it was observed that the greater age and duration of exercise as hotel maid, minor the functional capacity. Conclusion: It was suggested the implementation of preventive measures of work-related diseases and promote better health condition for the hotel maids.

Características epidemiológicas y clínicas de las quemaduras eléctricas en la Unidad de Quemados, hospital Luis Vernaza / Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of electrical burn injuries admitted to the burn unit of the hospital Luis Vernaza

Tipo de Estudio: Descriptivo epidemiológico retrospectivo en 644 pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de quemados del hospital “Luis Vernaza” período 2003. Objetivos: Ordenar y presentar la información obtenida en el manejo de las quemaduras por electricidad en esta unidad especializada. Resultados: Pacientes de sexo masculino 86.80%, 59.47%, con edades entre 21 y 40 años. El sitio con mayor ocurrencia de accidentes fue el lugar de trabajo con 351 (54.50%) reportes, en el hogar se produjeron 236 (36.65%) casos, 57 (8.85%) en la calle, automóvil, etc. Generalmente los pacientes presentaron quemaduras de II grado con una media de 9.3% de Superficie Corporal Quemada (SCQ). La secuela más importante fue la amputación; 64.3% de éstas se realizaron en miembros superiores. La estancia hospitalaria media fue de 38 días, la mortalidad 3.1%. Conclusiones: La tendencia del número de casos con quemaduras eléctricas atendidos en el hospital “Luis Vernaza” está elevándose y es importante el grado de discapacidad que producen, lo que puede significar para los sistemas de salud una significativa inversión de recursos.

Type of study: Descriptive, retrospective of 644 patients admitted to the Burn Unit of the “Luis Vernaza” Hospital period 2003.Objectives: To organize the information obtained in managing electrical burn injuries admitted to the unit.Results:We found that electrical burn injuries were most common in males (86.80%) between the age group of 21-40 (59.47%). Percentage of the most common places of injury was:•Place of work – 351 (54.50%)•Household – 236 (36.65%)•Street, automobile, etc 57 cases (8.85%)Most of the patients had 2nd degree burns and a mean burn size of 9.3% total body surface area. The most common sequelae were amputation (64.3%) of superior limbs. The mean hospital stay was of 38 days and a mortality of 3.1%.Conclusions: The number of cases of electrical burn injuries admitted at the Hospital “Luis Vernaza” and rate of disability is increasing.